02transplantations

Complete your reading of chapter 2. Section headings will be used to determine where you have the primary responsibility for taking class notes. WE MUST BE ABLE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THESE COLONIES, while also looking for their SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES!
 * 02 Transplantations and Borderlands**

**Main Ideas:**

 * 1) The origins, objectives, and shaping influences of England's first settlements in the New World.
 * 2) How and why English colonies in the Chesapeake, New England, and Mid-Atlantic differed from one another in purpose and administration.
 * 3) The problems that arose as colonies matured and expanded, and how colonists attempted to solve them.
 * 4) The impact that events in England had on the development of colonies in British America.

**Essential Questions:**
2. What happens when we interpret history, literature, and languages through lenses of gender, race, social class, family, community, or personal experience? (How is the story of colonization different depending upon the lense it is viewed through?) - **(see History Lessons - Ch4 Puritans: Britain)** 4. From what sources do we derive our values and beliefs? 6. How has regional geography and culture influenced the course of United States history? 7. How have foreign influences and specific events influenced the structures of our government?

=media type="youtube" key="kZKzKUk-c3E" height="364" width="445"= =Colors of the wind - Pocahontas Disney song with lyrics= []

Text Resources:Brinkley Chapter 2 Patterson Chapter 2 History Lessons - Chapter 4 - The Puritans (from a British Textbook) Loewen's Lies My Teacher Told Me - Chapter 3 - The Truth about the First Thanksgiving

**Handouts:**
"Analyze the differences between the Spanish settlements in the Southwest and the English colonies in New England in the seventeenth century in terms of TWO of the following: -Politics -Religion -Economic development (2006 Q2, Anchor Packet in the 2006 AP Workshop materials p44).
 * FRQ:**

**Activities:**
1587-1730 Chronological Colonization of North America [] 03 HUSH Amsco - Colonization of North America - Multiple Choice Quiz [] 03 HUSH Amsco - Colonization of North America - Critical Thinking Quiz []


 * Day 8: Project: Colonial Travel Brochure/Presentations**

- Utilize your Brinkley Ch2 (32-63) - Utilize your AP Amsco Ch2 (23-35) - Utilize the columbia encyclopedia (available online) - Do additional internet searches (using AP as a search term often turns up study guides and resources)

A. Earliest English Settlement B. New England Colonies: C. Cheseapeake Colonies: D. Restoration Colonies:
 * 1) Roanoake (for fun, for make up, or if the class is large enough)
 * 2) Jamestown
 * 1) Plymouth Colony (a puritan colony)
 * 2) Massachusetts Bay Colony (a puritan colony)
 * 3) The development of New England - Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire,
 * 4) Establishing order in New England - Halfway Covenant, New England Confederation, King Philip's War
 * 1) Maryland
 * 2) Virginia
 * 1) The Carolinas, (and Georgia)
 * 2) New Amsterdam, New York, New Jersey
 * 3) Pennsylvania and Delaware

- government - relation with Indians - the geographic qualities of your settlement should be made clear so that we can distinguis the geographic differences among regions - what are the social and cultural attitudes within your colony that develop? - Terms: type of colony (ex: proprietary) - Terms: important people
 * Travel Brochure rubric**
 * of 20: Includes the important factual information**
 * of 20: conveys or satirizes the important facts/events in a memorable way (artistic,humourous, etc.)**

"The English founded colonies to escape oppression in England." Evaluate this statement
 * Follow-up Practice Essay Question to consider:**

Homework Due: None (in the future I should make Brinkley or Amsco 3 due) (Scan AP Achiever DBQ practice p15-17): "In Virginia's early yaers, how do you reconcile its high mortality rates with the ability of the Virginia Company to entice people to migrate there?" Analyzing conflicting documents
 * Day 9: Continue presentations**


 * Day 10 & 11 (block): Presentations - Interpretations of American History - Settlement**


 * Required Background Reading** (3 short and easy pages): [[file:1568-1585 Puritans textbook.doc]]
 * 1) Interpretations in United States History, //Issue 4: Were the First colonists in **the Chesapeake Region** Ignorant, Lazy, and Unambitious?// **Yes. (Edmunds S. Morgan)** Click here for the group 1 wiki
 * 2) Interpretations in United States History, //Issue 4: Were the First colonists in **the Chesapeake Region** Ignorant, Lazy, and Unambitious?// **No. (Russell R. Menard)** click here for the group 2 wiki
 * 3) Clashing Views in American History, //The Puritans: **Orthodoxy or Diversity**?// Also, //The Puritans: Bigots or Builders?// (Perry Miller and Thomas H. Johnson, //The Puritans//, 1938).click here for the group 3 wiki
 * 4) Clashing Views in American History, //**The Puritans**: **Orthodoxy or Diversity**? **(**//**David D. Hall,** //Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment//, 1989). click here for the group 4 wiki
 * 5) Clashing Views In American History, //**The Puritans: Bigots or Builders**?// **(Darrett B. Rutman, 1970).** click here for the group 5 wiki

Homework due:** Begin taking online quizzes (in the future I should make Brinkley or Amsco 3 due)
 * Day 12 (friday 9/18): Finish presentations

Further Reading:** Kyle Ward, History in the Making - An absorbing look at how Ameican History has changed in the telling over the last 200 Years, The New Press, 2006, ISBN: 987-1-59558-044-3 - Chapter 5: Captain John Smith and Pocahontas - Chapter 6: The Pilgrims in the New World - Chapter 7: New Sweden - Chapter 8: Anne Hutchinson - Chapter 9: Witchcraft in the Colonies Maderas & SoRelle, Taking Sides, Clashing Views in United States History, Vol. 1, McGraw Hill, 008.
 * Further Reading:

The Early Chesapeake - JAMESTOWN

 * Jamestown****:**
 * In **1607**, 144 men aboard 3 ships sailed from England to **Virginia** to establish Jamestown; only 104 of the men survived the voyage
 * Jamestown was established on a peninsula extending from the northern bank of the James River
 * Poor site choice – low & swampy, hot & humid, prone to malaria outbreaks, surrounded by thick woods difficult to clear for agriculture
 * For 17 years, waves of English settlers tried to make Jamestown habitable and profitable but each failed
 * Became a place of misery and death
 * **Malaria** killed many and weakened others – no immunity to it
 * Wasted time searching for gold – growing food was a low priority
 * By January 1608, when ships appeared with men and supplies, all but 38 of the original 104 men had died
 * Jamestown survived largely because of **Captain John Smith**
 * John Smith imposed work and order on the community and organized raids to steal food from and kidnap natives
 * By 1609, it seemed Jamestown had hope for survival
 * **London Company** obtained a new charter from the king in 1609 and increased its power over colony and expanded land
 * Raised capital by selling stock to “adventurers” living in England
 * Spring 1609, company launched a “great fleet” of 600 people, including women and children, from England to Jamestown
 * 2 of the ships were lost at sea and those who survived were weak with fever
 * winter 1609-1610 became known as **the “starving time”**
 * local natives killed off European livestock and barricaded the colonists
 * colonists ate anything they could find and even engaged in cannibalism
 * by May 1610, only 60 had survived, and they were very weak
 * settlers who arrived at this time took the remaining people and began heading back to England and abandoned the settlement
 * as they were leaving, they encountered another ship bringing them supplies, so the remained in Jamestown and hundreds of others soon followed
 * governors of Jamestown imposed harsh and **rigid discipline** on the colony
 * Governor **Thomas Dale** saw that the colonists needed personal incentive to work and began to permit private ownership of land
 * As Jamestown expanded, they discovered **tobacco**, a widely marketable crop
 * Though some were skeptical of its use, the demand for tobacco soared
 * 1612, **John Rolfe** began to produce high-quality tobacco crops and sold it to those in England; this cultivation quickly spread all along the James River
 * led to vast land expansion further into the interior
 * 1618: **Virginia Company** launched a great campaign to attract settlers and increase profits
 * **“headright” system**: each member of a new family was granted 50 acres of land (encouraged families to migrate together)
 * transported skilled craftsmen to Virginia and 100 women to the colony in 1619 (women could be purchased by men for 120 pounds of tobacco)
 * July 30, **1619**: 1st elected legislature – **House of Burgesses**
 * August **1620: Africans were brought over by the Dutch as servants but not necessarily as slaves**
 * Colonists led countless assaults on the Powhatans and kidnapped the chief’s daughter, Pocahontas
 * She converted to Christianity and married John Rolfe, eventually returning with him to England
 * March 1622: Powhatans pretended to enter the colony selling goods and then attacked, killing 347 colonists
 * 1624: Virginia Company defunct and James I revoked its charter, bringing the volong under control of the crown until 1776
 * survival of Jamestown was largely due to Native American agricultural technologies borrowed by the Europeans
 * mid-17th century: Jamestown had survived and politics and Native American policy played a new, important role
 * border conflicts with natives became more and more frequent
 * Sir William Berkeley was governor 1642-16702 and led attacks which successfully defeated natives
 * Between 1640 and 1650 population doubled from 8,000 to 16,000, and by 1660 the population had reached 40,000
 * Voting for burgesses was restricted to landowners and elections were rare, so people grew angry as the same burgesses remained in office year after year
 * **1675**: **Bacon’s Rebellion** against Governor Berkeley and the House of Burgesses, largest stand against established authority in history of colonies – military challenge to the government
 * Bacon’s army burned Jamestown and drove Berkeley out; Bacon soon died of dysentery and Berkeley resumed control

The Growth of New England - PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS BAY
__**Plymouth Plantation**__
 * illegal to leave England without consent of the king- 1608- congregation of Separatists emigrate to Leyden, Holland= could worship there without interference
 * **Holland allowed their religion** but did not allow the Separatists into the **Dutch craft guilds**. They had to work at unskilled jobs that payed low. This was because they were foreigners. They did not enjoy how tolerant the atmosphere was in Holland simply because the Separatists became less close-knit as a result. Children drift away from religion and became more Dutch.
 * Separatists from the Scrooby group got permission from the Virginia company to go to Virginia to settle. The king claimed he would not interfere.
 * Sept 1620- left port at Plymouth, England. **35=Puritans, 77- others** who were not Puritans. Sight land in November= too late in the year to go on. Original destination was probably the Hudson river but found themselves in Cape Cod. Chose sight just north of cape on a site John Smith previously named "Plymouth".
 * Discovered land where they settled was outside the London Company's territory= create The Mayflower Compact-- established civil government and claimed allegiance to king.


 * Less actively hostile to **Natives** because they were so heavily depopulated in the region. Survival on colony depended on the natives in the region.Pilgrims were few and weak but the **Wampanoags** were even weaker due to the plague.- firearms.
 * Around 1622- Pilgrims began to grow enough corn to support themselves do to the military disciplines of Miles Standish ( a colonial leader. Developed a small fur trade with Abenaki Indians of Maine. In a decade- population reached 300.
 * **Willam Bradford** was chosen as the governor of the "Plymouth Plantation" multiple times-persuaded Council for New England to give permission that would allow the Pilgrims to stay.
 * Poor community-1640s- one plow among all.- clung to beliefs that God had placed them in the New World to live as truly Christian community.- **were content**.

__**Massachusetts Bay Colony**__
 * Turbulent events in England + Plymouth plantation example= interest in other Puritans to colonize the New World.
 * **James I** had harsh policies against the Puritans and made efforts to claim he had the divine right of kings (more important than Parliament)
 * 1625- James I dies and is succeeded by Charles I who was worse- attempted to restore Roman Catholicism to England & destroy religious nonconformity.
 * Purtains= imprisoned for their beliefs and consider England to be intolerable.
 * Puritan merchants start the Massachusetts Bay Colony- establish a colony in the new world. Obtained land grant in New England from people who were unaware of their religious beliefs.
 * Puritans began to see the Massachusetts Bay Companyt as something more than an enterprise- considered emigrating themselves into New England.
 * **John Winthrop**- instrumental in organizing the migration- commanded the expedition
 * 1630- seventeen ships & 1,000 people (mostly family groups unlike earlier Virginia migrants)
 * several different settlements were formed- port of Boston, Charlestown, Newtown(Cambridge), Roxbury, Dorchester, Watertown, Ipswich, Concord & Sudbury.
 * Theocratic Society- No line between the church and the state. Those who were not Puritan "saints" could not vote. Religious dissent was as severe as treason.
 * New Haven (1639) established religious government even stricter than Boston

__**Pequot War & King Phillip's War:**__
 * 1637-hostilities broke out between English settlers in Connecticut Valley & Pequot Indians
 * European settlers were penetrating deeper and deeper into Indian territory- seizing land, clearing forests and allowing livestock to roam the wild. (destroyed native crops).
 * 17th century= 100,000 Indians. 1675- **only 10,000 remaining** (illnesses)- Alcoholism & conversion to Christianity.
 * allied with Mohegan and Narragansett Indians ( Pequot rivals), Pequot tribe was almost wiped out.
 * King Phillips War=Wampanoags- rose up to resist English.- 3 year long battle. Natives were armed with guns
 * Destruction of 20 Mass towns - deaths of thousand people (at least one-sixteenth of the white males in the colony).
 * Joined forces with enemies of Wampanoags- Mohawks.
 * Mohawks ambushed King Phillip ( Metacomet) severed his head and presented it to colonialists as a gift.
 * Wampanoags leaders= executed or sold into slavery.

The Evolution of the British Empire

 * __Religion:__**
 * James II was a Catholic king of England who would appoint his fellow Catholics to important offices
 * this caused him to lose his popular support among the mostly Anglican english people around 1688 because they were afraid he was trying to set Catholicism as Englands national religion
 * In 1688, James II had a son whom he decided to raise Catholic unlike his two other heirs: his Protestant daughters, Anne and Mary
 * Parliament invited Mary and her husband, William of Orange (Dutch Ruler) to take over the throne of England
 * William and Mary came with a small army to England and James II left peacefully for France-This ascension of the throne was called the "Glorious revolution"
 * When Massachussetts once again became a royal colony after the abolishment of the Dominion of New England, the new charter required Puritan leaders to tolerate other religions
 * Catholics were not allowed to vote, hold public office or practice their religion in Maryland


 * __Political:__**
 * Parliament passed laws to keep out Dutch ships in 1650 and 1651
 * Charles II passed three navigation acts to regulate colonial trade
 * first, 1660 - closed colonies to all trade except english ships
 * second, 1663 - all goods being shipped from Europe to the colonies had to pass through England to be taxed
 * third, 1673 - appointed customs officials to enforce these acts
 * 1679 - Charles II stripped Massachusetts of its authority over NH and made it a separate colony with its own governor appointed by him
 * 1684 - After Mass didnt enforce Navigation acts, Charles II revoked the corporate charter and made it a royal colony
 * James II ascended throne in 1685
 * 1686 - James II created "Dominion of New England" a combination colony of all the New England colonies and added New York and New Jersey to the bunch in 1688
 * James appointed Sir Edmund Andros to supervise New England from Boston
 * No one liked Andros because he was a jerk to the colonists and was not fair to them
 * after the Glorious revolution, Boston revolted against Andros
 * The new monarchs, William and Mary saw things the colonists way and abolished the Dominion of New England
 * 1691, William and Mary combined Massachusetts with Plymouth and made it a royal colony
 * NY had been governed by Andros' friend Captain Francis Nicholson who was hated by the little people
 * leader of the haters was Jacob Leisler
 * after news of Andros' overthrow, Leisler got some men and captured the city fort and threw Nicholson into exile
 * 1691 when William and Mary appointed a new governor to NY, Leisler protested quickly then shut his mouth
 * his enemies had him and his son-in-law killed for treason anyway
 * 1689 - in Maryland, an enemy of the Catholic govorner, John Coode revolted with an organization called, "An Association in Arms for the Defense of the Protestant Religion, and for Asserting the Right of King William and Queen Mary to the Province of Maryland and All the English Dominions"
 * 1691 William and Mary granted a charter to the newly formed government of Maryland


 * __Economical:__**
 * Colonies provided England with raw materials and England provided colonies with manufactured goods
 * England thought that in order to make a profit off its colonies, it needed to control their trade and not let them trade with anyone else
 * in theory, this system should have worked well for the colonists, having a market for all their raw materials
 * some materials, such as wheat flour and fish were not wanted by England so colonies found a new market in other countries
 * Navigation acts passed
 * Nav Acts encouraged colonies to create a ship-building industry


 * __Social:__**
 * __Cultural:__**

Readings:

 * __Thomas More & Utopia__**
 * Novel written by More in 1516
 * About citizens of an island
 * They elect government yearly by secret ballot
 * Wear same clothes
 * All work 6 hours a day
 * No money/private property: Storehouses with all goods- citizens may take what they need when they need it, no payment
 * Free education and healthcare
 * Equal rights: men and women can be priests, worship as you please


 * Treasurer of Exchequer-1521
 * Chancellor of Lancaster-1525
 * Speaker of House of Commons & missions to France
 * Lord Chancellor to Henry 8- 1529
 * Opposed King’s divorce from Catherine, resigned
 * Would not swear to obey Henry as head of churchà executed in 1535 for high treason


 * Strong catholic
 * Used his influence after Utopia to get Protestant books banned (including the English translation of the Bible)
 * Violators were victim to public humiliation as punishment
 * Protestant book burnings
 * Authors of the books were burned at the stake


 * __Mayflower Compact__**
 * State that the purpose of their journey was for the glory of God, and the advancement of Christian faith and for honor in their country
 * Promise to live in a “civill Body Politik” to keep the peace amongst themselves and to accomplish the goals of the pilgrimage
 * Will make laws that are equal, which will be discussed in a meeting which is convenient for the good of the colony
 * All must promise to abide by the laws
 * 11/11/1620 Cape Cod


 * __Petition of Right__**
 * Parliament gave this petition in attempt to restore some rights to the people of England and other subjects of the king, particularly those in its colonies.
 * Given to King Charles the 1st
 * 1628

[] //Discourse of Western Planting//[] [] []
 * __Discourse of Western Planting //by Richard Hakluyt//__**

Readings 2:
[] //--Fundamental Orders of Connecticut by the inhabitents of the Connecticut region: []// //by John Winthrop [] June 20, 1676//[]
 * __“A Modell of Christian Charity” by John Winthrop, 1630__**
 * __“On Liberty” from a speech by John Winthrop, 1645__**
 * __"First Thanksgiving Proclamation" 1676__**
 * __"Connecticut Charter" by King Charles II, 1662__**