02+04

**Chapter 2 Study Guide:** 4. Clashing Views in American History, //**The Puritans**: **Orthodoxy or Diversity**?
 * (**//**David D. Hall,** //Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment//, 1989).

 New England had more New diverse religions!!!

** - Caitlin S. ****J ** and Ashley J -__Reasons for “popular” religion__: -__reasons for change of religious structure:__  The Six Circumstances (Why New England had more religious freedom) L ITERACY  I NDIVIDUAL CHURCH FROM STATE G EOGRAPHY H OPE FOR RADICAL CHANGE T ALES (FOLKLORE) S UPERNATURAL  -__Two separate religions in Europe__ · Folk way · Clergy and upper class way · Settlers wanted to make the two into one! -__Religion varied with distance from central point in Europe__ · Became more local, took on local ideas <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Differences of styles and understandings of religion <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Many lived outside of their parish <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Clergy poorly educated <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Ignoring duties of religion-ignorant? -__Distance isn’t a problem in New England!__ <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· no courts, no urban centers <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· clergy moved around <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· unorganized social order <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· in a hundred towns, clergy would keep same system <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· trained alike, thought alike -__Church and State in Europe__ <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· every citizen became part of the church, professed religion of king <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· church had social functions to up hold-put penalties into effect <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· church owned A LOT of land <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· church looked to state for money$$ -__Church and state in New England__ <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· eliminated all church courts <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· got rid of tithes <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· didn’t have to join church __ Christianity=complete redemption? , not everyone liked the clergy __ <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· No more sin? <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Men have free will? <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Priests< new prophets? <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Coming kingdom? <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Religion different for those who read to those who can not. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Most people in New England learned to read as a child. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Everyone in New England had access to a bible in their native language __ -Why New England was different from Catholic Italy and France __ __New England____=transformed culture__ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> History of Religion in New World <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Group || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Pilgrims || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">1620 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">colonize in Plymouth to escape King James' rule over the church || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Puritans || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">1630 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">settle in Massachusetts bay colony to create a "city on the hill" || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Antimonians || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">1636 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">attempt to take control of their congregation to dismiss a despised minister || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">inspire other religious groups to confront their clergy || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Baptists || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">1640 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Baptists emerge and unsuccessfully try to convert more colonists to their religion || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">1665 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">establish their first congregation || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Quakers || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">1656 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">work hard to gain new converts but ultimately fail || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">1680's || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">settle in Pennsylvania in search of religious freedom || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Christian || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">1662 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Halfway Covenant grants right to receive communion to non church members || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Gortonists || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">1670 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">a group of new England radicals settles in Warwick || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">New Lights || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">1740 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">a religious change among Protestant religions, dividing the church into "old" and "new" || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">discouraged formality in religious expression || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">gives birth to Methodism ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Political
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Social
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Theological circumstances
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">For men to hold an important office as a religious teacher
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">As settlers came to the new world, they created a different system of religion than what they had in Europe. This wasn’t an accident.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">new structure for society=new structure for religion
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">the part that the “folk” people played in society
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">17th century setters who came to New England didn’t have the status of a peasant but were referred to as “middling”-yeomen, artisans, merchants, housewives. They brought with them the basic principals of their religion, but also brought with them their “folk” beliefs of the common person.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Emigration=more uniform cultural system
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">PURITANS
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Didn’t like old customs and beliefs
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Set out to find place to practice religious beliefs
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Psalms became ballads
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Rituals now around Sabbath and fasting days
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Didn’t have Christmas, St. Valentines Day, or a pre-Lenten carnivals
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Used numbers to describe months instead of pagan names